प्रद्युम्न

{ pradyumnḥ, pradyumna }

Puranic Encyclopaedia

PRADYUMNA   
1) General information.
A son born to Śrī Kṛṣṇa of his wife Rukmiṇī, Pradyumna was the rebirth of Kāmadeva. (For genealogy see under Kṛṣṇa).
2) Birth.
It was at the time when Kāmadeva and Ratidevī were living together that Pārvatī, daughter of Himavān, started her penance to get Śiva as her husband. It was a need of the devas to get a son of Śiva to kill the fierce demon Tārakāsura. The devas employed Kāmadeva to create feelings of love in the ascetic Śiva and make him marry Pārvatī. Taking instructions from Indra, Kāmadeva took aim at Śiva with his bow and arrow. Śiva was then in deep meditation and Kāmadeva broke his concentration and Śiva got angry. He opened his third eye and burnt Kāmadeva to death. Griefstricken by the death of her husband Ratidevī performed penance near the Himālayas to propitiate Mahādevī. Mahādevī appeared before her and consoled her thus: “Little girl, Kāmadeva would be reborn as the son of Śrī Kṛṣṇa of Rukmiṇī. He would then be named Pradyumna. The devas have cursed Śambara the leader of the asuras, during the battle between the demons and the demi-gods that he (Śambara) would be killed by Pradyumna. So Śambara is now searching for the infant which is a rebirth of Kāmàdeva. So you abandon your present body and be born again as Māyāvatī to be the wife of Śambara. Pradyumna, the reborn Kāmadeva, would kill Śambara and accept you as his wife.” Devī disappeared after saying this. Obeying the instructions of Mahādevī, Rati abandoned her life and was born in the world of asuras. She grew up under the name Māyāvatī and became the wife of Śambara. While Śrī Kṛṣṇa was living as the chief of Dvārakā his first wife Rukmiṇī was yearning for a child. Kṛṣṇa was deeply moved by the grief of Rukmiṇī and he flew on the back of Garuḍa to Kailāsa to obtain a boon for the birth of a child for her. On the way he alighted in the āśrama of Naranārāyaṇas and after obtaining the blessings of the sages there, went to Kailāsa and bowed before Śiva and explained to him the purpose of his visit. Śiva blessed him and said that Kāmadeva who was burnt to death by the fire of his third eye would take birth again as the son of Rukmiṇī. Kṛṣṇa returned to Dvārakā well-pleased. Rukmiṇī became pregnant and gave birth to Pradyumna, a rebirth of Kāmadeva. The demon Śambara knew of this birth and coming to Dvārakā in an invisible form carried away the infant when it was seven days old. The demon threw the child into the ocean and a great fish swallowed it. The fishermen of the country of Śambara caught this fish and following the custom prevalent there presented the king with the fish. Śambara called his wife Māyāvatī and asked her to take the fish and get it cooked. When Māyāvatī cut open the fish for cooking she found to her surprise a beautiful child inside it. Even from the first sight of the child Māyāvatī had a great liking for it and so she took the child and brought it up as her own child. When Pradyumna grew into a youth all the charm and beauty of Kāmadeva were found in him. Māyāvatī was excited to find a resemblance in him of her lost husband Kāmadeva. One day the great sage Nārada came that way and calling Māyāvatī to his side secretly revealed to her that Pradyumna was the incarnation of Kāmadeva and was thus her lost husband. From that day onwards Māyāvatī's affection for him changed into one of love. She taught him all the magic and witchcraft of Śambara. When Pradyumna found that Māyāvatī's affection for him was gradually changing into one of passionate love he questioned her about it. Māyāvatī then told him everything that happened and Pradyumna decided to kill Śambara and take Māyāvatī away.
3) War with Śambara.
Pradyumna waited for an opportunity to kill Śambara. One day Pradyumna went under the flagstaff of Śambara which flew the royal flag of the king with an emblem of the figure of a lion embossed on it. He dropped it down by one stroke of his arrow. Hearing of this Śambara ordered his sons to kill Pradyumna. The eleven sons of Śambara, viz., Atisena, Citrasena, Viṣvaksena, Śrutasena, Suṣeṇa, Somasena, Ākkāla, Vikala, Kumbhaketu, Sudaṁṣṭra and Keśī, attacked Pradyumna. The devas came in their vimānas and joined sides with Pradyumna. The army of the demons teased him with various kinds of weapons like javelins, arrows, spears and battle axes. But Pradyumna cut them all by his arrows and cut to pieces all the sons of Śambara. Then Śambara sent an army against him. They were also made to flee by the arrows of Pradyumna. Then Śambara himself came on the scene. The fight became horrible. The continuous flow of arrows made it impossible for even Sun's rays to reach the earth. Then Śambara started his magical war. But Pradyumna faced that also. Śambara sent phantom lions; but Pradyumna made them immobile. Śambara then in turn created storms, rains, wild animals, serpents and vultures. All of them were killed by Pradyumna. Then with a well-aimed arrow Pradyumna killed Śambara. Then he rushed to Dvārakā carrying Māyāvatī with him. The people of Dvārakā were astounded to see them. Pradyumna went to Śrī Kṛṣṇa and Rukmiṇī and told them the whole story. They were overjoyed to find them and blessed them. Aniruddha who married Uṣā the daughter of Bāṇa was the son of Pradyumna. [Chapters 103 to 108, 10th Skandha, Bhāgavata] .
4) Prabhāvatīpariṇaya.
Marriage with Prabhāvatī. (See under Prabhāvatī).
5) Other details.
(i) Pradyumna was born of a part of Sanatkumāra. [Śloka 152, Chapter 67, Ādi Parva] .
(ii) Pradyumna was one among those who came to Arjuna from Dvārakā with dowry for his marriage with Subhadrā. [Śloka 31, Chapter 220, Ādi Parva] .
(iii) Pradyumna was present for the Rājasūya Yajña of Yudhiṣṭhira. [Śloka 16, Chapter 34, Sabhā Parva] .
(iv) Pradyumna consoled and encouraged the Yādava army which stood dumb-founded before the valorous exploits of King Sālva. [Chapter 17, Vana Parva] .
(v) Pradyumna fainted during a fierce fight between himself and King Sālva. [Chapter 17, Śloka 22, Vana Parva] .
(vi) Pradyumna slew King Sālva in the end. [Chapter 19, Vana Parva] .
(vii) Pradyumna means the merging of Bhūtajāla during Pralaya. [Śloka 37, Chapter 340, Śānti Parva] .
(viii) Pradyumna fell dead by the beatings of the Bhojas during the Mausala fight. [Śloka 33, Chapter 3, Mausala Parva] .
(ix) After his death Pradyumna took the form of Sanatkumāra. [Śloka 13, Chapter 5, Svargārohaṇa Parva] .

हिन्दी (hindi) WN

 noun  कृष्ण के ज्येष्ठ पुत्र जो रुक्मिणी के गर्भ से उत्पन्न हुए थे   Ex. विष्णु पुराण के अनुसार कामदेव ही प्रद्युम्न के रूप में पैदा हुए थे ।

ONTOLOGY:

पौराणिक जीव (Mythological Character) ➜ जन्तु (Fauna) ➜ सजीव (Animate) ➜ संज्ञा (Noun)

SYNONYM:

कार्ष्णि शंबरारि शम्बरारि हरिसुत प्रदुमन

Wordnet:

ben প্রদ্যুমন

guj પ્રદ્યુમ્ન

kan ಪ್ರದ್ಯುಮ್ನ

kas پَرٛدوٗمَن , شَمرارِ , ۂریٖسوٗت

kok प्रद्युम्न

mal പ്രദ്യുമ്നന്

mar प्रद्युम्न

ori ପ୍ରଦ୍ୟୁମ୍ନ

pan ਪਰਾਦੂਮਨਾ

san प्रद्युम्नः

tam பிரத்யுமன்

tel ప్రద్యుమ్నుడు

urd شمبراری , ہرستو , پردمن

प्राचीन चरित्रकोश

प्रद्युम्न n.  एक राजा, से चक्षुर्मनु के बारह पुत्र में से एक था । इसकी माता का नाम नड्‌वला [भा.४.१३.१६] । इसे ‘सुद्युम्न’ नामांतर भी प्राप्त है ।
प्रद्युम्न II. n.  (सू. निमि.) एक राजा, जो वायु के अनुसार भानुमत् राजा का पुत्र था ।
प्रद्युम्न III. n.  (सो. क्रोष्टु.) एक सुविख्यात यादव राजा, जो सनत्कुमार के अंश से भगवान् कृष्ण को रुक्मिणी से उत्पन्न हुआ था [म.आ.६१.९१] । यह श्रीकृष्ण का तीसरा स्वरुप माना जाता है [म.अनु.१५८.३९] ।
प्रद्युम्न III. n.  यह मदन का अवतार था, जिसने शंबरासुर का वध करने के लिए रुक्मिणी की कोख में जन्म लिया था । शंबरासुर की पत्नी मायावती, पूर्वजन्म में इसकी पत्नी रति थी । पूर्वजन्म में मदन की मृत्यु के उपरांत, इसकी पत्नी रति को शंबरासुर भगा लाया, इसी का बदला लेने के लिए इसे अवतार लेना पडा ।
प्रद्युम्न III. n.  शंबरासुर को जैसे ही ज्ञात हुआ कि मदन ने उसका वध करने के हेतु प्रद्युम्न के रुप में रुक्मिणी के उदर में जन्म लिया हैं, वह तत्काल सूतिकागृह में जा कर छः दिन के शिशु प्रद्युम्न को लेकर भागा, तथा इसे ले जाकर समुद्र में फेंक कर निश्चिंत हो गया । दैवयोग से इसे एक मछली ने निगल लिया, तथा यह वहॉं उसके पेट में भी जीवित रहा । मछली एक मछुए को मिली । मछुए ने अच्छी मछली देखकर उसे शंबरासुर को भेंट की ।
प्रद्युम्न III. n.  खुशी घर आया तथा उक्त मछली को अपनी स्त्री मायावती को दे दी । जैसे ही मायावती ने मछली काटी वैसे ही उसमें एक दिव्य बालक को देखकर वह आश्चर्य-चकित हो गयी, एवं उसके मन में विभिन्न शंकाएँ उठने लगी । उसी क्षण भ्रमण करते हुए नारद वहॉं आ पहुँचे तथा उन्होने मायावती की शंका का समाधान करते हुए कहा, ‘यह दिव्य बालक साधारण न होकर साक्षात मदन है, जिसने इस जन्म में रुक्मिणी के उदर में जन्म लिया है । पूर्वजन्म में तुम इसकी पत्नी रति थीं, अतः तुम इसकी सेवा करो । यह तुम्हारा पति है ।’ नारद के बचनों का विश्वास करके, मायावती अत्यधिक आनन्दित हुयी । उसने बालक प्रद्युम्न को पाल-पोस कर बडा किया, तथा सारी विद्याओं में उसे पारंगत कराया । कालान्तर में बडे होने के बाद इसका और शंबरासुर का युद्ध हुआ, जिसमें इसने शंबरासुर का वध किया । पश्चात् अपनी भार्या को पुनः प्राप्त कर,यह उसके साथ रुक्मिणी से मिलने गया [विष्णु.५.२६] ; [ह. वं.२.१०४-१०७] ; [भ.१०.५५] । हरिवंश में, यह कथा कुछ इसी प्रकार दी गयी है, अन्तर केवल इतना है कि, शंबरासुर ने शिषु प्रद्युम्न को समुद्र में न फेंक कर, उसे मायावती को दे दिया, क्योंकि निःसंतान होने के कारण वह दुःखित थी । ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण में प्राप्त कथा हरिवंश से मिलती जुलती है । अन्तर केवल इतना है कि, प्रद्युम्न के बडे हो जाने पर एक दिन सरस्वती मायावती के पास आयी और उसने ही शंबरासुर के पूर्वकृकृत्यों का लेखा जोखा प्रद्युन तथा मायावती के सम्मुख प्रस्तुत किया उस कारण प्रद्युम्न ने शंबरासुर का वध किया [ब्रह्मवै.४.११२] ।
प्रद्युम्न III. n.  प्रद्युम्न यादव सेना का महारथि था [भा.१०.९०.३३] । कृष्ण ने राजसूय यज्ञ में शिशुपाल का वध किया था । उसने क्रुद्ध होकर अपने मित्र शिशुपाल का बदला लेने के लिये, शाल्व ने बडे जोर शोर से कृष्ण की द्वारका पर चढाई कर दी । युद्ध की विकरालता को देख कर, यादवसेना घबरा गयी । तब इसने यादवसेना का नेतृत्व कर बडे पराक्रम के साथ शाल्व का मुकाबला किया [म.व.१६.३०-३२] ; [म.व.१७] । युद्ध करते करते यह युद्धभूमि में मूर्च्छित हो गया [म.व.१७.२२] । इसका सारथि सूतपुत्र दारुक इसे रणभूमि से हटा कर ले गया [म.व.१८.३] । ठीक जो जाने पर, यह पुनः युद्धभूमि में आ उठा, और घमासान युद्ध करके अपने शत्रुनाशक अद्‍भुत बाण से शाल्व को परास्त किया [म.व.१५.१६.२०] ; [भ.१०.७६.१३] । युधिष्ठिर द्वारा किये गये अश्वमेध यज्ञ में, इसने उसकी काफी सहायता की थी, और यह हस्तिनापुर आया था [म.आश्व.६५.३] । यही नहीं, अश्वरक्षण के लिए यह ससैन्य अर्जुनादि के साथ देशविदेश गया था [जै.अ.१२] । कालान्तर में, यादववंशीय लोग आपस में एक दूसरे से लडने लगे, जिससे कि उनमें वह शक्ति न रह गयी जो पूर्व थी । मौसल युद्ध में उनका भोजों के साथ युद्ध हुआ, जिसमें प्रद्युम्न की मृत्यु हो गयी [म.मौ.४.३३] ; [भा.११.३०.१६] ; [गणेश. १.४९] । मृत्योपरांत यह सनत्कुमार के स्वरुप में प्रविष्ट हो गया [म.स्व.५.११] ।
प्रद्युम्न III. n.  इसे शतद्युम्न नामांतर भी प्राप्त है । मायावती के अतिरिक्त, रुक्मिन् की कन्या रुक्मवती अथवा शुभांगी इसकी दूसरी पत्नी थी [भा.१०.६१.१८,९०.१६] । जिसने स्वयंवर में इसका वरण किया था [ह.वं.२.६१.४] । रुक्मवती (शुभांगी) से इसे अनिरुद्ध नामक पुत्र था [म.भी.६५.७१] । वज्रनाभ दैत्य की कन्या प्रभावती इसकी तीसरी पत्नी थी, जिसका इसने हरण किया था [ह.वं.२.९०.४] । इस कारण वज्रनाभ का भई निकुंभ से इसका युद्ध हुआ था । प्रद्युम्न से बदला लेने के लिये, निकुंभ ने भानु यादव की कन्या भानुमती का हरण किया । इससे क्रुद्ध हो कर कृष्णार्जुन ने निकुंभ पर हमला किया, जिसमें वह भी निकुंभ के विपक्ष में था । इस युद्ध में इसने अपने मायावी युद्धकौशल का अच्छा परिचय दिया । अन्त में निकुंभ श्रीकृष्ण द्वारा मारा गया [ह.वं.२.९०-९१] ।

कोंकणी (Konkani) WN

 noun  रुक्मिणीच्या गर्भांतल्यान जल्माक आयिल्लो कृष्णाचो व्हडलो (जेश्ठ) पूत   Ex. विष्णू पुराणा प्रमाणें कामदेवूच प्रद्युम्नाच्या रुपान जल्माक आयिल्लो

ONTOLOGY:

पौराणिक जीव (Mythological Character) ➜ जन्तु (Fauna) ➜ सजीव (Animate) ➜ संज्ञा (Noun)

Wordnet:

ben প্রদ্যুমন

guj પ્રદ્યુમ્ન

hin प्रद्युम्न

kan ಪ್ರದ್ಯುಮ್ನ

kas پَرٛدوٗمَن , شَمرارِ , ۂریٖسوٗت

mal പ്രദ്യുമ്നന്

mar प्रद्युम्न

ori ପ୍ରଦ୍ୟୁମ୍ନ

pan ਪਰਾਦੂਮਨਾ

san प्रद्युम्नः

tam பிரத்யுமன்

tel ప్రద్యుమ్నుడు

urd شمبراری , ہرستو , پردمن

मराठी (Marathi) WN

 noun  कृष्णाचा थोरला मुलगा   Ex. प्रद्युम्न हा कामदेवाचा अवतार होता

ONTOLOGY:

पौराणिक जीव (Mythological Character) ➜ जन्तु (Fauna) ➜ सजीव (Animate) ➜ संज्ञा (Noun)

Wordnet:

ben প্রদ্যুমন

guj પ્રદ્યુમ્ન

hin प्रद्युम्न

kan ಪ್ರದ್ಯುಮ್ನ

kas پَرٛدوٗمَن , شَمرارِ , ۂریٖسوٗت

kok प्रद्युम्न

mal പ്രദ്യുമ്നന്

ori ପ୍ରଦ୍ୟୁମ୍ନ

pan ਪਰਾਦੂਮਨਾ

san प्रद्युम्नः

tam பிரத்யுமன்

tel ప్రద్యుమ్నుడు

urd شمبراری , ہرستو , پردمن

A Sanskrit English Dictionary

प्र-द्युम्न  m.  m. ‘the pre-eminently mighty one’, N. of the god of love (re-born as a son of कृष्ण and रुक्मिणी, or as a son of संकर्षण and then identified with सनत्-कुमार), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

ROOTS:

प्र द्युम्न

काम   the pleasant (= ), [Subh.]
मनस्   the intellect (= ), [Śaṃk.]
    N. of a son of मनु and नड्वला, [BhP.]
   of a king, [Kathās.]
   of sev. authors and teachers, [Cat.]
   of a mountain, [Rājat.]
   of a river, ib.

The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

प्रद्युम्नः [pradyumnḥ]   An epithet of Cupid, the god of love. [He was a son of Kṛiṣṇa and Rukmiṇī. When only six years old, he was stolen away by the demon Śambara for he was foretold that Pradyumna would be his destroyer. Śambara cast the child into the roaring sea, and a large fish swallowed it. This fish was caught by a fisherman and taken to the demon; and when it was cut up, a beautiful child came out from the belly, and Māyāvatī, the mistress of Śambara's household, at the desire of Nārada, carefully reared him from childhood. As he grew up, she was fascinated by the beauty of his person, but Pradyumna reproved her for entertaining towards himself feelings so unbecoming a mother as he considered her. But when he was told that he was not her son, but of Viṣṇu and was cast into the sea by Śambara, he became enraged, and, challenging him to fight, succeeded in killing him by the force of illusions. He and Māyāvatī afterwards repaired to the house of Kṛiṣṇa, where Nārada told him and Rukmiṇī that the boy was their own and that Māyāvatī was his wife.]

Shabda-Sagara

प्रद्युम्न  m.  ( -म्नः) KĀMA, the Hindu CUPID, reborn as the son of KRISHṆA. by Rukmini. He was Stolen from the lying-in-chamber by Sam- bara when he was but six days old. Sambara cast him into the ocean when a large fish swallowed the child. The fish was caught by a fisherman and delivered to Sambara. When the fish was cut open his wife Māyābati found the beautiful boy alive and reared him up. When Pradyumna knew that Sambara had stolen him when a child he defied the demon to battle and killed him and went back to his father's house with Māyābati as his wife.
    E. प्र pre-eminent, द्युम्न power.

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प्र द्युम्न