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यद् n. (nom. and acc. sg. n. and base in comp. of 3.य), who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that, [RV.] &c. &c. (with correlatives तद्, त्यद्, एतद्, इदम्, अदस्, तद् एतद्, एतद् त्यद्, इदं तद्, तद् इदम्, तादृश, ईदृश, ईदृश्, एतावद्, by which it is oftener followed than preceded; or the correl. is dropped e.g. यस् तु ना-रभते कर्म क्षिप्रम् भवति निर्द्रव्यः, ‘[he] indeed who does not begin work soon becomes poor’ [R.] ; or the rel. is dropped e.g. अन्धकम् भर्तारं न त्यजेत् सा महा-सती, ‘she who does not desert a blind husband is a very faithful wife’ [Vet.] यद् is often repeated to express ‘whoever’, ‘whatever’, ‘whichever’, e.g. यो यः, ‘whatever man’; या या, ‘whatever woman’; यो यज् जयति तस्य तत्, ‘whatever he wins [in war] belongs to him’ [Mn. vii, 96] ; यद् यद् वदति तद् तद् भवति, ‘whatever he says is true’, or the two relatives may be separated by हि, and are followed by the doubled or single correl. तद्e.g. उप्यते यद् धि यद् बीजम् तत् तद् एव प्ररोहति, ‘whatever seed is sown, that even comes forth’ [Mn. ix, 40] ; similar indefinite meanings are expressed by the relative joined with तद्e.g. यस्मै तस्मै, ‘to any one whatever’, esp. in यद्वा तद्वा, ‘anything whatever’; or by यः with कश्च, कश्चन, कश्चित्, or [in later language, not in मनु] कोऽपिe.g. यः कश्चित्, ‘whosoever’; यानि कानि च मित्राणि, ‘any friends whatsoever’; येन केना-प्य् उपा-येन, ‘by any means whatsoever.’ यद् is joined with त्वद् to express generalization e.g. शूद्रांस् त्वद् यांस् त्वद्, ‘either the शूद्रs or anybody else’ [ŚBr.] ; or immediately followed by a pers. pron. on which it lays emphasis e.g. यो ऽहम्, ‘I that very person who’; यस् त्वं कथं वेत्थ, ‘how do you know?’ [ŚBr.] ; it is also used in the sense of ‘si quis’ e.g. स्त्रियं स्पृशेद् यः, ‘should any one touch a woman.’ यद् is also used without the copula e.g. अन्धो जडः पीठ सर्पी सप्तत्या स्थविरश्च यः, ‘a blind man, an idiot, a cripple, and a man seventy years old’ [Mn. viii, 394] ; sometimes there is a change of construction in such cases e.g. ये च मानुषाः for मानुषांश्-च, [Mn. x, 86] ; the nom. sg. n.यद् is then often used without regard to gender or number and may be translated by ‘as regards’, ‘as for’, e.g. क्षत्रं वा एतद् वनस्पतीनां यन् न्यग्-रोधः, ‘as for the न्यग्-रोध, it is certainly the prince among trees’ [AitBr.] ; or by ‘that is to say’, ‘to wit’ e.g. ततो देवा एतं वज्रं ददृशुर् यद् अपः, ‘the gods then saw this thunderbolt, to wit, the water’ [ŚBr.] यद् as an adv. conjunction generally = ‘that’, esp. after verbs of saying, thinking &c., often introducing an oratio directa with or without इति; इति यद्, at the end of a sentence = ‘thinking that’, ‘under the impression that’ e.g. [Ratnâv. ii, 2/8.] यद् also = ‘so that’, ‘in order that’, ‘wherefore’, ‘whence’, ‘as’, ‘in as much as’, ‘since’, ‘because’ [the correlative being तद्, ‘therefore’], ‘when’, ‘if’ [RV.] &c. &c.; अ॑ध य॑द्, ‘even if’, ‘although’ [RV.] यद् अपिid. , [Megh.] यद् उ - एवम्, ‘as - so’ [ŚvetUp.] ; यद् उत, ‘that’ [Bālar.] ; ‘that is to say’, ‘scilicet’ [Kāraṇḍ.] ; [Divyâv.] ; यत् किल, ‘that’ [Prasannar.] ; यच् च, ‘if’, ‘that is to say’ [Car.] ; यच् च-यच् च, ‘both - and’ [Divyâv.] ; ‘that’ [accord. to, [Pāṇ. 3-3, 148] after expressions of ‘impossibility’, ‘disbelief’, ‘hope’, ‘disregard’, ‘reproach’ and, ‘wonder’]; यद् वा, ‘or else’, ‘whether’ [Kāv.] ; [Rājat.] ; [यद् वा, ‘or else’, is very often in commentators]; ‘however’ [Bālar.] ; यद् वा - यदि वा, ‘if-or it’ [Bhag.] ; यद् भूयसा, ‘for the most part’ [Divyâv.] ; यत् सत्यम्, ‘certainly’, ‘indeed’, ‘of course’ [Mṛcch.] ; [Ratnâv.] ; यन् नु, with 1st pers. , ‘what if I’, ‘let me’ [Divyâv.] )
यद् m. m. = पुरुष, [Tattvas.]
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