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tva An affix to Sanskrit adjectives and nouns to form the noun abstract. All such formations are neuter. As they demand no interpretation, and no further notice than the following exhibition of the distinction betwixt these formations and those with the affix ता, they, with the exception of certain few pertaining to Heads ii and iii., do not appear in this dictionary. These two affixes, त्व & ता, are understood by Sanskrit grammarians and scholars to be, excepting only in gender, equivalent. But they are not thus equivalent:--they demand other exceptions. In being adjuncts for the formation of the abstract noun, and in being in some few instances justly interchangeable and in some other few laxly confounded, they agree; but they differ--First, In that, whilst ता forms the abstract from adjectives, त्व, although, likewise, forming it from adjectives, forms it mainly from nouns--concrete nouns: Secondly, In that, whilst ता forms abstracts of quality, त्व forms abstracts of office or function, state or condition, and of the stages or periods of life; ता thus answering to ness, त्व to ship and hood: Thirdly, In that, whilst ता & त्व both form abstract terms expressing attributes or properties, there pertains preferableness or greater eligibility to त्व: Fourthly, In that ता, even in the cases common to ता & त्व, is the popular or familiar affix, and त्व the scholastic or ornate affix. Of the first and second particulars of difference exemplification may be adduced in योग्यता, अर्हता, आर्द्रता, उष्णता--abstracts from adjectives, answering to fitness, wetness &c.; and in राजत्व, प्रधानत्व, पंडितत्व, शिष्यत्व, दासत्व, भृत्यत्व, पितृत्व, मातृत्व, पुत्रत्व, भ्रातृत्व, भर्तृत्व, पुरुषत्व, स्त्रीत्व, बालत्व, तरुणत्व, वृद्धत्व--abstracts from concretes, answering to kingship, childhood &c. Of the third particular illustration is found in लघुता as excelled by लघुत्व, महत्ता by महत्व, गुरुता by गुरुत्व, द्रवता by द्रवत्व, अज्ञानता by अज्ञानत्व, and in दातृता &c. im- measurably by दातृत्व, वक्तृत्व, कर्त्तृत्व, नियंतृत्व, भोक्तृत्व &c. &c. Of the last particular the verification is in दुष्टता, मिष्टता, आम्लता, तीक्ष्णता, कटुता, क्षारता &c. endlessly, as compared with दुष्टत्व, मिष्टत्व &c.
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