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क

काल

{ kāla }

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	<span class="kMeaningPrefix">KĀLA <span class="kMeaningText">see under the word Kālamāna. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">KĀLA I <span class="kMeaningText">(yama). The god of death. When the life span of each living being allotted by Brahmā is at an end yama sends his agents and takes the soul to Yamapurī (the city of yama). From there, the holy souls are sent to Vaikuṇṭha (heaven, the abode of Viṣṇu) and the sinful souls to hell. 1) genealogy and birth of yama. From Mahāviṣṇu were descended in the following order--Brahmā, Marīci, Kaśyapa, Sūrya (sun), yama (Kāla). Sūrya married Saṁjñā, daughter of Viśvakarmā. they had three children, manu, yama and Yamī. Of them, yama has the task of taking away the souls of those whose life-span is at an end. once Saṁjñā who was unable to bear the dazzling brilliance of Sūrya, ordered her maid Chhāyā to attend on him and went to the forest for performing penance. Mistaking her for his wife Saṁjñā, Sūrya begot of her three sons namely, Śaniścara, manu and Tapatī. once Chhāyā cursed yama for disobedience. then Sūrya and yama understood that she was not Saṁjñā. after that the Aśvinīkumāras, Revanta and Bhayā were born to Sūrya and Saṁjñā. thus Viṣṇu Purāṇa, part iii, chapter 2 says that yama was the brother of manu, Yamī, the Aśvinī Kumāras, Tapatī, Śanaiścara and Bhayā. yama's sister Bhayā was married by the Asura, Heti. Sunīthā was the eldest daughter of yama. Aṁga married her. The famous king vena was her son. [Viṣṇu Purāṇa, Part I, Chapter 13] . 2) yama is a Dikpālaka. once Kubera offered penance to Brahmā for ten thousand years in water, head downwards and in the middle of Pañcāgni. Brahmā who was pleased, appeared before him and Kubera prayed to him that he should be made one of the Lokapālakas. accordingly Brahmā ordered that thenceforth, indra should rule in the east, yama in the south, Varuṇa in the west and Kubera in the north. yama's city is called Saṁyaminī. [Uttara Rāmāyaṇa] . 3) curse on yama. yama was once cursed by the sage Aṇi Māṇḍavya. it was as a result of it that yama was born as Vidura. (For details see under Aṇimāṇḍavya). 4) yama became Maharṣi. Śrī Rāma who returned after his forest life became king of Ayodhyā. he ruled over the country for 11,000 years. then it was time to recall Mahāviṣṇu who had incarnated as Śrī Rāma, to Vaikuṇṭha. Brahmā sent yama to the earth to bring back Śrī Rāma. yama who assumed the guise of a young Maharṣi, went to Ayodhyā and visited Śrī Rāma. he said that he was the disciple of the sage Atibala and had come to tell him a secret. So Lakṣmaṇa was posted at the entrance to prevent anyone from entering the room. it was announced that anyone who tried to enter would be slaughtered. after that, while Śrī Rāma and yama were having their secret talk, Durvāsas, the sage, who was hungry after a fast of 1,000 years, arrived at the door, asking for food. Lakṣmaṇa told him humbly that he could not be allowed to enter just then. Durvāsas, who became furious, was about to curse the whole race of Kings. So Lakṣmaṇa entered the room and informed Śrī Rāma of the arrival of Durvāsas. At the same time, in fulfilment of the order, he was ready to be slaughtered. Vasiṣṭha suggested that it would be enough if Lakṣmaṇa was banished from the palace. accordingly he was expelled and he went and drowned himself in the depths of the river Sarayū. Śrī Rāma who was broken-hearted at his separation from Lakṣmaṇa went to the same river and drowned himself there shortly after. yama then took their souls to Vaikuṇṭha. [Uttara Rāmāyaṇa] . 5) yama became crow. In Uttara Rāmāyaṇa there is a story that at Marutta's Yāga, yama who was frightened at the sight of Rāvaṇa, escaped in the form of a crow. (For details, see under crow). 6) An age without yama. In the Purāṇas there are references to three periods when there was no yama. (1) one such period was in Kṛtayuga. At that time there was no death on earth which became overcrowded with living beings. unable to bear their weight, the earth sank down to a depth of 100 yojanas. The goddess of earth offered tearful prayers to Mahāviṣṇu, who incarnated as Varāha (pig) and lifted up the earth 100 yojanas. [M.B. Vana Parva, Chapter 142] . (2) When Mārkaṇḍeya reached the age of sixteen, yama went to him to take away his life. Mārkaṇḍeya hid himself behind the idol of Śiva. yama threw his noose at him but it fell round Śiva's neck. Śiva opened his third eye and glared at yama who was burnt to ashes in its fire. (see under Mārkaṇḍeya). (3) see under Pāñcālī, para 1, sub para 2. 7) yama returned Satyavān's life. (see under Satyavān). 8) yama and king Nṛga. see under Nṛga. 9) Yamapurī (the city of yama). Yamapurī is thousand yojanas in extent. there is an entrance on each of the four sides. On one side of the city stands Citragupta's mansion. The fort surrounding the city is made of iron. there are a hundred streets in Yamapurī. they are all decorated with banners and festoons. there is a group of people in Citragupta's mansion. they are engaged in calculating the life-span of living beings. they take into account the vices and virtues of human beings. To the south of Citragupta's residence is situated “Jvaramandira” (the abode of diseases). adjacent to it are the abodes of all kinds of diseases, each disease having its own abode. yama's home is situated at a distance of twenty yojanas from the abode of Citragupta. it has an area of two hundred yojanas and a height of fifty yojanas. it is supported by one thousand columns. On one side of it there is an extensive assembly hall. it is here that those who have led virtuous lives in the world, find their abode after death. they lead a life of eternal heavenly bliss there. [Garuḍa Purāṇa, Chapter 14] . (10) Naraka (hell). there is a world called Pitṛloka in the middle of the three worlds, on their southern side below the earth and above the Atala loka. The Agniṣvāttas and other piṭrs stay there in meditative trance for securing prosperity to those who come to pitṛloka. yama is the ruler of pitṛloka. since he is scrupulous in imparting justice, yama is also called Yamadharma. he administers justice with an even hand to all living beings brought there by his agents, according to their virtues and vices during their earthly lives. he has power to assess the virtues and vices of people and to assign suitable punishments to them, but not to alter the laws or methods of punishment. Sinners are sent to the different Narakas by Yamadharma according to the nature and seriousness of their sins. The Purāṇas refer to twentyeight Narakas in all. they are:-- (1) Tāmisraṃ. those who rob others of their wealth, wives, children etc, are bound with ropes by yama's servants and cast into the Naraka known as Tāmisram. there, they are given sound beating until they faint. after they recover their senses, the beating is repeated and those who try to escape are bound hand and foot and pushed again into this hell. this is repeated as long as fate has ordained. (2) Andhatāmtsram. this hell is intended for the wife who takes food after deceiving the husband or the husband who takes food after deceiving his wife. The punishmen there is the same as that of Tāmisram except the beating. But the excruciating pain suffered by the victims on being tied fast with yama's rope by his servants, makes them fall down senseless. (3) Rauravam. this is the hell into which those who have persecuted other living beings are cast. those who seize and enjoy another man's property or resources, also come under ‘persecution’. When such people are thrown into this hell, those whom they had persecuted or cheated while on earth, assume the shape of “ruru” and torment them severely. “Ruru” is a kind of dreadful serpent. this hell is known as “Rauravam” because of the abundance of rurus there. (4) Mahārauravam. here also there are ruru serpents. only they are of a fiercer type. those who deny the legitimate heirs, their inheritance and possess and enjoy others’ property, are squeezed to death by these terrible serpents coiling round them. (5) Kumbhīpākam. this is the hell for the punishment of those who kill and eat birds and animals. here, oil is kept boiled in huge vessels. yama's servants plunge sinners into this oil. The period of their torture extends to as many years as there were hairs on the bodies of the birds or animals which they killed and ate. (6) Kālasūtram (Yamasūtra). this hell is terribly hot. it is here that those who do not respect their father, mother, elders, etc. are cast. they rush about in the unbearable heat of this hell and drop down exhausted, from time to time. (7) Asi(ta)patram. this is the hell in which those sinners who abandon svadharma (one's own duty) and accept Paradharma (others’ duty) are flogged by yama's servants with whips made of asipatra (sharp-edged sword-shaped leaves). When they run about under the flogging they trip over stones and thorns and fall on their faces. then they are stabbed with knives made of asipatra. they drop down unconscious and when they recover their senses, the same process is repeated. (8) Sūkaramukham. Kings who neglect their duties and oppress their subjects by misrule, are punished in this hell. they are crushed to a pulp by beating until they fall down unconscious and when they recover, they are again subjected to the same treatment. (9) Andhakūpam. this is the hell for punishing those who oppress Brāhmaṇas, gods and the poor. In this Kūpa (well) there are wild beasts like tiger, bear etc. carnivorous birds like eagle, kite etc. venomous creatures like snakes and scorpions and insects like bugs, mosquitoes, etc. The sinners have to endure the constant attacks of these creatures, until the expiry of the period of their punishment. (10) Kṛmibhojanam (food for worms). depraved Brāhmaṇas who take their food without worshipping gods and honouring guests, are thrown into this “Kṛmibhojana” Naraka which is one lakh yojanas in extent. Worms, insects and serpents sting them and eat them up. once their bodies are completely eaten up by these creatures, they are provided with new bodies, which are also eaten up in the above manner. they have to continue there in this manner, till the end of their term of punishment. (11) Taptamūrti. those who plunder or steal other people's gold, jewels, ornaments or money are cast into the furnaces of this Naraka, which is built of iron and always remains red hot with blazing fire. (12) Śālmali. this Naraka is intended for men and women who have committed adultery. A figure made of iron, heated red-hot is placed there. The victim is urged to embrace it. yama's servants flog the victim from behind. (13) Vajrakaṇṭakaśāli. this Naraka is for the punishment of those who have unnatural intercourse with cows and other animals. here, the guilty people are made to embrace iron images full of diamond needles. (14) Vaitaraṇī. this is the Naraka for Kings who have violated all ordinances of Śāstras and for adulterers. it is the most terrible place of punishment. Vaitaraṇī is a river filled with human excreta, urine, blood, hair, bones, nails, flesh, fat and all kinds of dirty substances. there are various kinds of ferocious beasts in it. those who are cast into it are attacked and mauled by these creatures from all sides. The sinners have to spend the term of their punishment, feeding upon the contents of this river. (15) Pūyodakam. this is a well, filled with excreta, urine, blood, phlegm etc. Brāhmaṇas and others who have intercourse with women of low caste against customs, ordinances etc. vagabonds who wander about irresponsibly like animals and birds and other such sinners are cast into this Naraka. (16) Prāṇarodham. this Naraka is for the punishment of Brāhmaṇas who keep dogs, asses and other mean animals and constantly hunt and kill animals for food. here the servants of yama gather round the sinners and cut them limb by limb with their arrows and subject them to constant insult. (17) Viśasanam. this Naraka is for the torture of those who perform Yāga by killing cows to display their wealth and splendour. they will have to remain there during the whole term of their punishment under the constant flogging of yama's servants. (18) Lālābhakṣam. this is the Naraka for lustful people. The lascivious fellow who makes his wife swallow semen, is cast into this hell. Lālābhakṣam is a sea of semen. The sinner lies in it feeding upon semen alone. (19) Sārameyāśanam. those guilty of unsocial acts like incendiarism, poisoning food, mass slaughter, ruining the country, etc. are cast into the Naraka called Sārameyāśana. there, nothing but the flesh of dogs is available for food. there are 700 dogs in that Naraka and all of them are as ferocious as leopards. they attack the sinners who come there from all sides and tear their flesh from their bodies with their teeth. (20) Avīci. this Naraka is for those guilty of bearing false witness, false swearing or assuming false names. they are hurled into Avīci from a mountain which is 100 yojanas in height. The whole region of Avīci is always shaken like an ocean with turbulent waves. As soon as the sinners fall into it they are utterly smashed into dust. they are again restored to life and the punishment is repeated. (21) Ayaḥpānam. those who belong to the first three castes--viz. Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas and Vaiśyas--who indulge in drinking soma, Surā etc. are bound and thrown into this hell. they are forced to drink melted iron in liquid form. (22) Kṣhārakardamam. Braggarts and those who insult people of noble birth are cast into this hell. here, yama's servants keep the sinners upside down and torture them in various ways. (23) Rakṣobhakṣam. this Naraka is for the punishment of meat-eaters. there are separate compartments in this hell for those who perform human sacrifice, eat human flesh or the flesh of other creatures. all the living beings they had killed before, would have arrived here in advance. they would all join together in attacking, biting and mauling these sinners. their shrieks and complaints would be of no avail there. (24) Śūlaprotam. people who take the life of others who have done no harm to them, by deceiving them or by treachery, with weapons like the trident, are thrown into the “Śūlaprotam” hell. yama's servants fix each of the sinners of the above class, on the top of a trident. they are forced to spend the whole term of their punishment in that position, suffering intense thirst and hunger, enduring all the tortures inflicted on them by yama's servants. (25) Dandaśūkam. Sinners who persecute fellow creatures like venomous serpents are cast into this Naraka. there are many wild beasts and many hooded serpents here. they eat alive, the sinners who fall into this hell. (26) Vaṭarodham. this hell is for those who persecute the creatures living on mountain-peaks, dense forests, hollow trunks of trees, etc. it resembles mountains, caves, forests etc. after throwing them into this hell the sinners are tortured with fire, snake, poison and weapons, just as they had tortured other creatures, while on earth. (27) Paryāvartanakam. one who denies food to a person who happens to come at meal-time and abuses him, is thrown into this Naraka. The moment he falls into it, his eyes are put out by being pierced with the beaks of cruel birds like the crow, eagle etc. it is the most painful experience for them. (28) Sūcīmukham. proud and miserly people who refuse to spend money even for the bare necessities of life, find their place in this hell. those who do not repay the money they have borrowed, will also be cast into this hell. here, their bodies will be continually pricked and pierced with needles. [Devī Bhāgavata, 8th Skandha] ;[Viṣṇu Purāṇa, Part 2, Chapter 6] . 12) mantra (incantation) to invoke yama. “Mahiṣastha Yamāgaccha daṇḍahasta mahābala / rakṣa tvaṁ dakṣiṇadvāraṁ Vaivasvata namo'stu te”. // after invoking yama with this mantra, one should worship with the mantra “Vaivasvataṁ Saṁgamanam”. [Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 56] . 13) yama defeated by Rāvaṇa. once the sage Nārada went to Rāvaṇa and expatiated on the glory and splendour of yama. immediately Rāvaṇa set out to Saṁyamanī with the intention of subduing yama. Accepting Rāvaṇa's challenge, yama came out. after a terrible battle between them, which lasted for seven days neither of them was able to defeat the other. both of them had received Brahmā's boon. In the night of the seventh day, yama rushed forth with his staff to beat Rāvaṇa to death. then Rāvaṇa took his Brahmāstra. At that critical moment, Brahmā came to the battlefield and persuaded yama to withdraw from the fight. yama retreated to his city and closed the gate. Rāvaṇa went back with a triumphant shout. [Uttara Rāmāyaṇa] . 14) other details concerning yama. (i) yama attended Draupadī's Svayaṁvara. [M.B. Ādi Parva, Chapter 186, Verse 6] . (ii) it was yama who performed “Śāmitra” (killing of animals) at the yāga done by devas in the Naimiśāraṇya. ---10--- . (iii) In the fight between indra and arjuna in Khāṇḍavadāha, yama joined the side of indra. ---11--- . (iv) once in a thousand years, yama comes to Bindusarovara and performs a yāga. ---12--- . (v) yama is a member of Brahmā's assembly. ---13--- . (vi) When arjuna performed tapas and received Pāśupatāstra from Śiva, yama was pleased and presented Daṇḍāstra to arjuna. ---14--- . (vii) yama was one of the devas who tested and then blessed Nala who went to Damayantī's Svayaṁvara. (see under NALA). (viii) indra made yama, the king of Pitṛs. ---15--- . (ix) ---16--- says that when Devas milked Bhūmidevī, yama took the form of a calf. (see under vena). (x) In Tripuradahana (burning of Tripura) yama remained in Śaivabāṇa ---17--- ; see also under TRIPURA. (xi) yama presented two warriors, Unmātha and Pramātha to god skanda). ---18--- . (xii) once yama gave advice to the sage gautama on the subject of Dharma. ---19--- . (xiii) yama once gave a boon to a Brāhmaṇa named Jāpaka. ---20--- . (xiv) once Mahāviṣṇu taught yama, Śiva-Sahasranāma. yama taught it to Nāciketa. (see under ŚIVA and NĀCIKETA.) ---21--- . (xv) yama sent his special agents to bring a Brāhmaṇa named Śarmi. ---22--- . (xvi) yama once lectured on the efficacy of giving “tila” (gingelly seed) “jala” (water) and anna (rice) to a Brāhmaṇa. ---23--- . (xvii) yama once explained the secrets of Dharma. ---24--- . (xviii) yama used to worship Śiva on the mountain Muñjavān. ---25--- . (xix) Dhūmorṇā is the name of yama's wife. ---26--- . (xx) there is a story in ---27--- about the condition of the world in the absence of yama. once yama started a prolonged yāga at Naimiṣāraṇya. At that time there was no death in the world. all living beings continued to live indefinitely. The Devas all joined together and approached yama with a request to solve the problem. yama concluded his yāga and resumed his duties and death came to the world again. ---28--- . note: 2.) Kāla and Dharma are not the same person. see under Dharma.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">KĀLA I <span class="kMeaningText">(yama). The god of death. When the life span of each living being allotted by Brahmā is at an end yama sends his agents and takes the soul to Yamapurī (the city of yama). From there, the holy souls are sent to Vaikuṇṭha (heaven, the abode of Viṣṇu) and the sinful souls to hell. 1) genealogy and birth of yama. From Mahāviṣṇu were descended in the following order--Brahmā, Marīci, Kaśyapa, Sūrya (sun), yama (Kāla). Sūrya married Saṁjñā, daughter of Viśvakarmā. they had three children, manu, yama and Yamī. Of them, yama has the task of taking away the souls of those whose life-span is at an end. once Saṁjñā who was unable to bear the dazzling brilliance of Sūrya, ordered her maid Chhāyā to attend on him and went to the forest for performing penance. Mistaking her for his wife Saṁjñā, Sūrya begot of her three sons namely, Śaniścara, manu and Tapatī. once Chhāyā cursed yama for disobedience. then Sūrya and yama understood that she was not Saṁjñā. after that the Aśvinīkumāras, Revanta and Bhayā were born to Sūrya and Saṁjñā. thus Viṣṇu Purāṇa, part iii, chapter 2 says that yama was the brother of manu, Yamī, the Aśvinī Kumāras, Tapatī, Śanaiścara and Bhayā. yama's sister Bhayā was married by the Asura, Heti. Sunīthā was the eldest daughter of yama. Aṁga married her. The famous king vena was her son. [Viṣṇu Purāṇa, Part I, Chapter 13] . 2) yama is a Dikpālaka. once Kubera offered penance to Brahmā for ten thousand years in water, head downwards and in the middle of Pañcāgni. Brahmā who was pleased, appeared before him and Kubera prayed to him that he should be made one of the Lokapālakas. accordingly Brahmā ordered that thenceforth, indra should rule in the east, yama in the south, Varuṇa in the west and Kubera in the north. yama's city is called Saṁyaminī. ---30--- . 3) curse on yama. yama was once cursed by the sage Aṇi Māṇḍavya. it was as a result of it that yama was born as Vidura. (For details see under Aṇimāṇḍavya). 4) yama became Maharṣi. Śrī Rāma who returned after his forest life became king of Ayodhyā. he ruled over the country for 11,000 years. then it was time to recall Mahāviṣṇu who had incarnated as Śrī Rāma, to Vaikuṇṭha. Brahmā sent yama to the earth to bring back Śrī Rāma. yama who assumed the guise of a young Maharṣi, went to Ayodhyā and visited Śrī Rāma. he said that he was the disciple of the sage Atibala and had come to tell him a secret. So Lakṣmaṇa was posted at the entrance to prevent anyone from entering the room. it was announced that anyone who tried to enter would be slaughtered. after that, while Śrī Rāma and yama were having their secret talk, Durvāsas, the sage, who was hungry after a fast of 1,000 years, arrived at the door, asking for food. Lakṣmaṇa told him humbly that he could not be allowed to enter just then. Durvāsas, who became furious, was about to curse the whole race of Kings. So Lakṣmaṇa entered the room and informed Śrī Rāma of the arrival of Durvāsas. At the same time, in fulfilment of the order, he was ready to be slaughtered. Vasiṣṭha suggested that it would be enough if Lakṣmaṇa was banished from the palace. accordingly he was expelled and he went and drowned himself in the depths of the river Sarayū. Śrī Rāma who was broken-hearted at his separation from Lakṣmaṇa went to the same river and drowned himself there shortly after. yama then took their souls to Vaikuṇṭha. [Uttara Rāmāyaṇa] . 5) yama became crow. In Uttara Rāmāyaṇa there is a story that at Marutta's Yāga, yama who was frightened at the sight of Rāvaṇa, escaped in the form of a crow. (For details, see under crow). 6) An age without yama. In the Purāṇas there are references to three periods when there was no yama. (1) one such period was in Kṛtayuga. At that time there was no death on earth which became overcrowded with living beings. unable to bear their weight, the earth sank down to a depth of 100 yojanas. The goddess of earth offered tearful prayers to Mahāviṣṇu, who incarnated as Varāha (pig) and lifted up the earth 100 yojanas. ---32--- . (2) When Mārkaṇḍeya reached the age of sixteen, yama went to him to take away his life. Mārkaṇḍeya hid himself behind the idol of Śiva. yama threw his noose at him but it fell round Śiva's neck. Śiva opened his third eye and glared at yama who was burnt to ashes in its fire. (see under Mārkaṇḍeya). (3) see under Pāñcālī, para 1, sub para 2. 7) yama returned Satyavān's life. (see under Satyavān). 8) yama and king Nṛga. see under Nṛga. 9) Yamapurī (the city of yama). Yamapurī is thousand yojanas in extent. there is an entrance on each of the four sides. On one side of the city stands Citragupta's mansion. The fort surrounding the city is made of iron. there are a hundred streets in Yamapurī. they are all decorated with banners and festoons. there is a group of people in Citragupta's mansion. they are engaged in calculating the life-span of living beings. they take into account the vices and virtues of human beings. To the south of Citragupta's residence is situated “Jvaramandira” (the abode of diseases). adjacent to it are the abodes of all kinds of diseases, each disease having its own abode. yama's home is situated at a distance of twenty yojanas from the abode of Citragupta. it has an area of two hundred yojanas and a height of fifty yojanas. it is supported by one thousand columns. On one side of it there is an extensive assembly hall. it is here that those who have led virtuous lives in the world, find their abode after death. they lead a life of eternal heavenly bliss there. [Garuḍa Purāṇa, Chapter 14] . (10) Naraka (hell). there is a world called Pitṛloka in the middle of the three worlds, on their southern side below the earth and above the Atala loka. The Agniṣvāttas and other piṭrs stay there in meditative trance for securing prosperity to those who come to pitṛloka. yama is the ruler of pitṛloka. since he is scrupulous in imparting justice, yama is also called Yamadharma. he administers justice with an even hand to all living beings brought there by his agents, according to their virtues and vices during their earthly lives. he has power to assess the virtues and vices of people and to assign suitable punishments to them, but not to alter the laws or methods of punishment. Sinners are sent to the different Narakas by Yamadharma according to the nature and seriousness of their sins. The Purāṇas refer to twentyeight Narakas in all. they are:-- (1) Tāmisraṃ. those who rob others of their wealth, wives, children etc, are bound with ropes by yama's servants and cast into the Naraka known as Tāmisram. there, they are given sound beating until they faint. after they recover their senses, the beating is repeated and those who try to escape are bound hand and foot and pushed again into this hell. this is repeated as long as fate has ordained. (2) Andhatāmtsram. this hell is intended for the wife who takes food after deceiving the husband or the husband who takes food after deceiving his wife. The punishmen there is the same as that of Tāmisram except the beating. But the excruciating pain suffered by the victims on being tied fast with yama's rope by his servants, makes them fall down senseless. (3) Rauravam. this is the hell into which those who have persecuted other living beings are cast. those who seize and enjoy another man's property or resources, also come under ‘persecution’. When such people are thrown into this hell, those whom they had persecuted or cheated while on earth, assume the shape of “ruru” and torment them severely. “Ruru” is a kind of dreadful serpent. this hell is known as “Rauravam” because of the abundance of rurus there. (4) Mahārauravam. here also there are ruru serpents. only they are of a fiercer type. those who deny the legitimate heirs, their inheritance and possess and enjoy others’ property, are squeezed to death by these terrible serpents coiling round them. (5) Kumbhīpākam. this is the hell for the punishment of those who kill and eat birds and animals. here, oil is kept boiled in huge vessels. yama's servants plunge sinners into this oil. The period of their torture extends to as many years as there were hairs on the bodies of the birds or animals which they killed and ate. (6) Kālasūtram (Yamasūtra). this hell is terribly hot. it is here that those who do not respect their father, mother, elders, etc. are cast. they rush about in the unbearable heat of this hell and drop down exhausted, from time to time. (7) Asi(ta)patram. this is the hell in which those sinners who abandon svadharma (one's own duty) and accept Paradharma (others’ duty) are flogged by yama's servants with whips made of asipatra (sharp-edged sword-shaped leaves). When they run about under the flogging they trip over stones and thorns and fall on their faces. then they are stabbed with knives made of asipatra. they drop down unconscious and when they recover their senses, the same process is repeated. (8) Sūkaramukham. Kings who neglect their duties and oppress their subjects by misrule, are punished in this hell. they are crushed to a pulp by beating until they fall down unconscious and when they recover, they are again subjected to the same treatment. (9) Andhakūpam. this is the hell for punishing those who oppress Brāhmaṇas, gods and the poor. In this Kūpa (well) there are wild beasts like tiger, bear etc. carnivorous birds like eagle, kite etc. venomous creatures like snakes and scorpions and insects like bugs, mosquitoes, etc. The sinners have to endure the constant attacks of these creatures, until the expiry of the period of their punishment. (10) Kṛmibhojanam (food for worms). depraved Brāhmaṇas who take their food without worshipping gods and honouring guests, are thrown into this “Kṛmibhojana” Naraka which is one lakh yojanas in extent. Worms, insects and serpents sting them and eat them up. once their bodies are completely eaten up by these creatures, they are provided with new bodies, which are also eaten up in the above manner. they have to continue there in this manner, till the end of their term of punishment. (11) Taptamūrti. those who plunder or steal other people's gold, jewels, ornaments or money are cast into the furnaces of this Naraka, which is built of iron and always remains red hot with blazing fire. (12) Śālmali. this Naraka is intended for men and women who have committed adultery. A figure made of iron, heated red-hot is placed there. The victim is urged to embrace it. yama's servants flog the victim from behind. (13) Vajrakaṇṭakaśāli. this Naraka is for the punishment of those who have unnatural intercourse with cows and other animals. here, the guilty people are made to embrace iron images full of diamond needles. (14) Vaitaraṇī. this is the Naraka for Kings who have violated all ordinances of Śāstras and for adulterers. it is the most terrible place of punishment. Vaitaraṇī is a river filled with human excreta, urine, blood, hair, bones, nails, flesh, fat and all kinds of dirty substances. there are various kinds of ferocious beasts in it. those who are cast into it are attacked and mauled by these creatures from all sides. The sinners have to spend the term of their punishment, feeding upon the contents of this river. (15) Pūyodakam. this is a well, filled with excreta, urine, blood, phlegm etc. Brāhmaṇas and others who have intercourse with women of low caste against customs, ordinances etc. vagabonds who wander about irresponsibly like animals and birds and other such sinners are cast into this Naraka. (16) Prāṇarodham. this Naraka is for the punishment of Brāhmaṇas who keep dogs, asses and other mean animals and constantly hunt and kill animals for food. here the servants of yama gather round the sinners and cut them limb by limb with their arrows and subject them to constant insult. (17) Viśasanam. this Naraka is for the torture of those who perform Yāga by killing cows to display their wealth and splendour. they will have to remain there during the whole term of their punishment under the constant flogging of yama's servants. (18) Lālābhakṣam. this is the Naraka for lustful people. The lascivious fellow who makes his wife swallow semen, is cast into this hell. Lālābhakṣam is a sea of semen. The sinner lies in it feeding upon semen alone. (19) Sārameyāśanam. those guilty of unsocial acts like incendiarism, poisoning food, mass slaughter, ruining the country, etc. are cast into the Naraka called Sārameyāśana. there, nothing but the flesh of dogs is available for food. there are 700 dogs in that Naraka and all of them are as ferocious as leopards. they attack the sinners who come there from all sides and tear their flesh from their bodies with their teeth. (20) Avīci. this Naraka is for those guilty of bearing false witness, false swearing or assuming false names. they are hurled into Avīci from a mountain which is 100 yojanas in height. The whole region of Avīci is always shaken like an ocean with turbulent waves. As soon as the sinners fall into it they are utterly smashed into dust. they are again restored to life and the punishment is repeated. (21) Ayaḥpānam. those who belong to the first three castes--viz. Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas and Vaiśyas--who indulge in drinking soma, Surā etc. are bound and thrown into this hell. they are forced to drink melted iron in liquid form. (22) Kṣhārakardamam. Braggarts and those who insult people of noble birth are cast into this hell. here, yama's servants keep the sinners upside down and torture them in various ways. (23) Rakṣobhakṣam. this Naraka is for the punishment of meat-eaters. there are separate compartments in this hell for those who perform human sacrifice, eat human flesh or the flesh of other creatures. all the living beings they had killed before, would have arrived here in advance. they would all join together in attacking, biting and mauling these sinners. their shrieks and complaints would be of no avail there. (24) Śūlaprotam. people who take the life of others who have done no harm to them, by deceiving them or by treachery, with weapons like the trident, are thrown into the “Śūlaprotam” hell. yama's servants fix each of the sinners of the above class, on the top of a trident. they are forced to spend the whole term of their punishment in that position, suffering intense thirst and hunger, enduring all the tortures inflicted on them by yama's servants. (25) Dandaśūkam. Sinners who persecute fellow creatures like venomous serpents are cast into this Naraka. there are many wild beasts and many hooded serpents here. they eat alive, the sinners who fall into this hell. (26) Vaṭarodham. this hell is for those who persecute the creatures living on mountain-peaks, dense forests, hollow trunks of trees, etc. it resembles mountains, caves, forests etc. after throwing them into this hell the sinners are tortured with fire, snake, poison and weapons, just as they had tortured other creatures, while on earth. (27) Paryāvartanakam. one who denies food to a person who happens to come at meal-time and abuses him, is thrown into this Naraka. The moment he falls into it, his eyes are put out by being pierced with the beaks of cruel birds like the crow, eagle etc. it is the most painful experience for them. (28) Sūcīmukham. proud and miserly people who refuse to spend money even for the bare necessities of life, find their place in this hell. those who do not repay the money they have borrowed, will also be cast into this hell. here, their bodies will be continually pricked and pierced with needles. [Devī Bhāgavata, 8th Skandha] ;[Viṣṇu Purāṇa, Part 2, Chapter 6] . 12) mantra (incantation) to invoke yama. “Mahiṣastha Yamāgaccha daṇḍahasta mahābala / rakṣa tvaṁ dakṣiṇadvāraṁ Vaivasvata namo'stu te”. // after invoking yama with this mantra, one should worship with the mantra “Vaivasvataṁ Saṁgamanam”. [Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 56] . 13) yama defeated by Rāvaṇa. once the sage Nārada went to Rāvaṇa and expatiated on the glory and splendour of yama. immediately Rāvaṇa set out to Saṁyamanī with the intention of subduing yama. Accepting Rāvaṇa's challenge, yama came out. after a terrible battle between them, which lasted for seven days neither of them was able to defeat the other. both of them had received Brahmā's boon. In the night of the seventh day, yama rushed forth with his staff to beat Rāvaṇa to death. then Rāvaṇa took his Brahmāstra. At that critical moment, Brahmā came to the battlefield and persuaded yama to withdraw from the fight. yama retreated to his city and closed the gate. Rāvaṇa went back with a triumphant shout. [Uttara Rāmāyaṇa] . 14) other details concerning yama. (i) yama attended Draupadī's Svayaṁvara. [M.B. Ādi Parva, Chapter 186, Verse 6] . (ii) it was yama who performed “Śāmitra” (killing of animals) at the yāga done by devas in the Naimiśāraṇya. [M.B. Ādi Parva, Chapter 196, Verse 1] . (iii) In the fight between indra and arjuna in Khāṇḍavadāha, yama joined the side of indra. [M.B. Ādi Parva, Chapter 226, Verse 32] . (iv) once in a thousand years, yama comes to Bindusarovara and performs a yāga. ---41--- . (v) yama is a member of Brahmā's assembly. ---42--- . (vi) When arjuna performed tapas and received Pāśupatāstra from Śiva, yama was pleased and presented Daṇḍāstra to arjuna. [M.B. Vana Parva, Chapter 41, Verse 25] . (vii) yama was one of the devas who tested and then blessed Nala who went to Damayantī's Svayaṁvara. (see under NALA). (viii) indra made yama, the king of Pitṛs. ---44--- . (ix) ---45--- says that when Devas milked Bhūmidevī, yama took the form of a calf. (see under vena). (x) In Tripuradahana (burning of Tripura) yama remained in Śaivabāṇa [the arrow of Śiva, M.B. Droṇa Parva, Chapter 202, Verse 77] . (see also under TRIPURA). (xi) yama presented two warriors, Unmātha and Pramātha to god skanda). [M.B. Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 30] . (xii) once yama gave advice to the sage gautama on the subject of Dharma. [M.B. Śānti Parva, Chapter 192] . (xiii) yama once gave a boon to a Brāhmaṇa named Jāpaka. [See under JĀPAKA. M.B. Śānti Parva, Chapter 199] . (xiv) once Mahāviṣṇu taught yama, Śiva-Sahasranāma. yama taught it to Nāciketa. (see under ŚIVA and NĀCIKETA). also [M.B. Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 17] . (xv) yama sent his special agents to bring a Brāhmaṇa named Śarmi. (see under ŚARMI). also ---51--- . (xvi) yama once lectured on the efficacy of giving “tila” (gingelly seed) “jala” (water) and anna (rice) to a Brāhmaṇa. [M.B. Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 68] . (xvii) yama once explained the secrets of Dharma. ---53--- . (xviii) yama used to worship Śiva on the mountain Muñjavān. ---54--- . (xix) Dhūmorṇā is the name of yama's wife. ---55--- . (xx) there is a story in ---56--- about the condition of the world in the absence of yama. once yama started a prolonged yāga at Naimiṣāraṇya. At that time there was no death in the world. all living beings continued to live indefinitely. The Devas all joined together and approached yama with a request to solve the problem. yama concluded his yāga and resumed his duties and death came to the world again. [M.B. Ādi Parva, Chapter 199] . note: 2.) Kāla and Dharma are not the same person. see under Dharma.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">KĀLA ii <span class="kMeaningText">A Maharṣi. [Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Chapter 7, Verse 14] , refers to this sage as offering worship to indra, in indra's assembly.

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल हिन्दी (hindi) WN \| Hindi Hindi \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> noun <span class="kMeaningText">(व्याकरण में) क्रिया का वह रूप जिससे उसके होने या किए जाने के समय का ज्ञान होता है Ex. मुख्य रूप से काल के तीन भेद होते हैं । HYPONYMY: वर्तमान काल भूत काल भविष्य काल पूर्ण काल ONTOLOGY: व्याकरण इत्यादि (LNG)">भाषा (Language) ➜ विषय ज्ञान (Logos) ➜ संज्ञा (Noun) Wordnet: kasفعل , زمانہٕ فعل mniꯇꯦꯟꯁ urdزمانہ , وقت , عہد <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">see : समय, मृत्यु, मृत्यु काल, अवसर, युग, यमराज, समय, युग

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल प्राचीन चरित्रकोश \| Hindi Hindi \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल n. <span class="kMeaningText">ध्रुव वसु का पुत्र । <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल ii. n. <span class="kMeaningText">जालंदर की सेना का एक असुर । पद्म. उ. १२) । <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल iii. n. <span class="kMeaningText">परशुराम का बंधु (कालकाम देखिये) । <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल iv. n. <span class="kMeaningText">ग्यारह रुद्रों में से एक [भा.३.१२] ।

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल कोंकणी (Konkani) WN \| Konkani Konkani \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> noun <span class="kMeaningText">आयचे आदलो दीस Ex. हो लेख कालच्या खबरेपत्रांत छापिल्लो ONTOLOGY: time)">समय (time) ➜ अमूर्त (Abstract) ➜ निर्जीव (Inanimate) ➜ संज्ञा (Noun) Wordnet: asmযোৱাকালি benগতকাল gujકાલ hinकल kanನೆನ್ನೆ kasراتھ , کالہٕ , یَوٕ malഇന്നലെ marकाल mniꯉꯔꯥꯡ nepहिजो oriଗଲାକାଲି panਕੱਲ sanह्यः tamநேற்று telనిన్న urdکل , گذشتہ , پچھلاکل <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> adverb <span class="kMeaningText">आयच्या एका दिसा पयलीं जाल्लो दीस Ex. हांव काल हांगा नाशिल्लों MODIFIES VERB: काम करप आसप ONTOLOGY: time)">समयसूचक (time) ➜ क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) Wordnet: bdमैया gujકાલ hinकल kasراتھ sanह्यः telనిన్న urdکل , گزشتہ کل

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल A dictionary, Marathi and English \| Marathi English \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">kāla n The tender core of the lower part of the stem of केळकूल. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">time. 2 season or fit time. 3 A calamitous period. 4 A name of yama, the judge of the dead or death personified; and applied to any thing formidable, endangering life, as a serpent, tiger &c.; to any danger; and to death or dissolution, or to the hour of it. 5 The will or decrees of the supreme being. कालदेशतार्तम्य करणें & काल देश पाहून करावें or वर्त्तावें To act with regard to the proprieties of time, place, and circumstances. काल साधणें To bring about or hit the favorable or fit time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">kāla n & ad yesterday.

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल Aryabhushan School Dictionary \| Marathi English \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> m <span class="kMeaningText"> time, season; app. to anything endangering life-as a tiger, &c.; to death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> ad <span class="kMeaningText"> yesterday.

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल मराठी पर्यायी शब्दकोश \| Marathi Marathi \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> ना. <span class="kMeaningText">अवसर , अवधी , वेळ , समय ; <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> ना. <span class="kMeaningText">मृत्यु , यमराज , संकटकाल ; <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> ना. <span class="kMeaningText">मोसम , योग्यवेळ , हंगाम ; <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> ना. <span class="kMeaningText">आदल्या दिवशी ; <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> ना. <span class="kMeaningText">प्रसंग ,

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल मराठी (Marathi) WN \| Marathi Marathi \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> noun <span class="kMeaningText">चालु दिवसाच्या मागील एक दिवस Ex. हा लेख कालच्या वर्तमानपत्रात आला होता. ONTOLOGY: time)">समय (time) ➜ अमूर्त (Abstract) ➜ निर्जीव (Inanimate) ➜ संज्ञा (Noun) Wordnet: asmযোৱাকালি benগতকাল gujકાલ hinकल kanನೆನ್ನೆ kasراتھ , کالہٕ , یَوٕ kokकाल malഇന്നലെ mniꯉꯔꯥꯡ nepहिजो oriଗଲାକାଲି panਕੱਲ sanह्यः tamநேற்று telనిన్న urdکل , گذشتہ , پچھلاکل <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> adverb <span class="kMeaningText">एखाद्या दिवसाच्या संदर्भात त्याच्या आधी येणाऱ्या दिवशी Ex. काल मी इथे नव्हतो. MODIFIES VERB: असणे काम करणे ONTOLOGY: time)">समयसूचक (time) ➜ क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) Wordnet: bdमैया gujકાલ hinकल kasراتھ sanह्यः telనిన్న urdکل , گزشتہ کل <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">see : काळ, काळ

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश \| Marathi Marathi \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">( खा .) ' कालदिन येजो ' - उद्यां ये . ( हिं . गु . कल .) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> पु. <span class="kMeaningText">१ वेळ ; समय ( ज्याचें मोजमाप दिवस , प्रहर . इ० नी होतें तो ). २ हंगाम ; मोसम ; योग्य वेळ . ३ संकटांची वेळ . ४ यमराज ; मृत्यु ; ज्यापासुन जिवाला धोका वाटतो अशी वस्तु . प्राणी ( साप , वाद्य इ० ) ; एखादें संकट ; मृत्यु ; नाश ; मृत्युसमय . ' शिवाजी महारांजांचा काल शके १६०२ मध्यें झाला .' ५ चांगलें किंवा वाईट होण्यास कारणीभूत अशी परमेश्वराची इच्छा . ६ भूत , भविष्य , वर्तमान इत्यादींचा समय . ७ ( गायन ) ताल , कालाचीं तालोपयोगी प्रमाणें :- अणु , द्रूत , लघु , गुरु , प्लुत . ( सं . काल ) ( वाप्र .) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> वि. <span class="kMeaningText">काळा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> न. <span class="kMeaningText">केळीचा गाभा . कालें पहा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> न. <span class="kMeaningText">चालु दिवसाच्या मागील दिवस . ( सं . कल्य - कल्ल - काल ) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०देशतार्तम्य <span class="kMeaningText">- देश पाहुन - वर्तणें - काल , स्थल परिस्थिति पाहुन वागणें . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">करणें <span class="kMeaningText">- देश पाहुन - वर्तणें - काल , स्थल परिस्थिति पाहुन वागणें . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०साधणें <span class="kMeaningText">अचूक , योग्य संधि गांठणें ; योग्य काळीं एखादी गोष्ट घडवून आणणें . सामाशब्दः - <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०कंटक पु. <span class="kMeaningText">काळकंटकं पहा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०कल्ला पु. <span class="kMeaningText">वेळ प्रसंग ; संधि वगैरे . ' सशाचे पारधीस वाघाचें सामान असावें , न जाणो कालकल्ला आहे .' - क्रिवि . दुःखाचे दिवसांत ; वेळप्रसंगी ( भविष्यकालीन प्रसंग ); संकताचे दिव्यसांत ; अडचणीचे दिवशी ; जास्त अर्थासाठी वेळ - अवेळ पहा . ' धान्य देऊन ठेवावें , कालकल्ला उपयोगी पडेल .' ( काल द्वि .) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०कूट न. <span class="kMeaningText">१ देवदैत्यांनी अमृताच्या प्राप्तीसाठीं समुद्रंमंथन केल्यावेळी निघालेलें , त्रैलोक्य जाळणारें विष . ' तैसें तें घनदाट । उठावलें एकवाट । जैसे उसळलें कालकुट । धरी कवण । ' - ज्ञा १ . ८९ . २ सामान्यत ; विष . ३ ( ल .) द्वेष ; मत्सर . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०कृत वि. <span class="kMeaningText">( कायदा ) मुदतबंद गहाण ; गहाण ठेवण्याचा एक प्रकार ; यांत विशिष्ट मुदतीच्या आंत गहान सोडवून नेण्याची सवलत असते . ( सं .) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०क्रमण <span class="kMeaningText">णा - नस्त्री . करमणुक वेळ घालविणें ( ख्याली खुशालीत चैनींत ). ( सं .) ' कालक्रमणा बरवी होईल आतां म्हणोनि नाचतसे । ' <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०गति <span class="kMeaningText">स्त्री दैवाची गति ; काळवेळ लोटणें , जाणे ; बरे - वाईट होण्याची काळाची रीति , ओघ ; कालाचा प्रभाव . ' कालगतीनें भूमीनें पीक सोडलें .' ( सं .) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०गुजराण <span class="kMeaningText">गुजारा री गुद्राण - पुस्त्रीन . संकटांत काळ घालविणें ; हरहुन्नर करुन काळ कंठणें ; कसेंतरी करुन तात्पुरता उदरनिर्वाह करणें . ( सं . काल + फा . गुजरान = जीवन ) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०गुत न. <span class="kMeaningText">१ कला ; कल्पनेची योजना ; चतुराईची योजना ; गूढ योजनेतील रहस्य . २ अशा तरऽहेची रचना किंवा रीत . ३ यंत्रांतील गुढ रचना , किल्ली व त्या रचनेनें युक्त असें यंत्र . ( सं . कला + गति - गुत ?) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०ग्रस्त वि. <span class="kMeaningText">मरणोन्मुख ; अतिशय संकटानें त्रस्त झालेला , घेरलेला ; विपत्तीत सांपडलेला . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०घन पु. <span class="kMeaningText">( काव्य ) मृत्युरुपी ढग ; प्रलयमेघ ; सृष्टीचा नाश होण्याच्या वेळीं जे मेघ वृष्टि करुन सृष्टि बुडवितात तो . ' कालघन गडगड आटलें हो तेघवां । ' <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०चक्र न. <span class="kMeaningText">१ कालाची राहाटी व त्याचा प्रभाव ; नशिबाचा फेरा ; दैवगति ; आयुष्यांतील बरी - वाईट घडामोड ( क्रि० घडणें ; उलटणें ; पालटणें ). २ विशिष्ट कालघटकांची आवृत्ति उ० ६० संवत्सरांचा फेरा ; ऋतुंचें आवर्तन वगैरे . ३ कालाचा किंवा वेळाचा विशिष्ट अंश , भाग ; मुदत ; विशिष्ट कालखड ; कालाचें ठराविक परिणाम . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०चरित्र न. <span class="kMeaningText">नशिबांचा खेळ ; दैवाची लीला . ' कालचरित्र विचित्र । ' <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०त्रय <span class="kMeaningText">त्रितय - न . भूत , भविष्य , वर्तमान हे तीन काळ . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०त्रयीं <span class="kMeaningText">क्रिवि . ( नास्तिपक्षी ) तीनही काळीं ( कधींही नाहीं या अर्थानें ). ' स्पर्श न करी कालत्रयीं । ' <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०दड पु. <span class="kMeaningText">१ यमानें दिलेली शिक्षा . २ मृत्यु ; मरण <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०दशा स्त्री. <span class="kMeaningText">१ बरीवाईट दैवगति ; परिस्थिती . २ सत्ता घालविणारा काळ , दिवस ( क्रि० फिरणें ; पालटणें ; बदलणें ; वाईट असणें ). ' कालदशा कोण्हाच्यानें सांगवत नाही .' <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०धर्म पु. <span class="kMeaningText">कालमहिमा ; ( मनुष्याच्या दैवावर चालणारी , घडणारी ) कालाची सत्ता अधिकार , सामथ्य , प्रभाव . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०निर्वाह पु. <span class="kMeaningText">१ रोजच्या चरितार्थास लगणार्‍या वस्तुंचा पुरवठा . २ काळ घालविणे . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०परत्वें <span class="kMeaningText">क्रिवि . काळाच्या अनुरोधानें ; प्रसंगाविशेषी ; योग्य कालीं ; कधीं कधीं ; केव्हां केव्हा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०पराभव पु. <span class="kMeaningText">संकटकाळी काळाशी झगडून यशस्वी होणें ; कालावर विजय ; बिकट परिस्थितींतून मर्ग काढणें , पार पडणें . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०परिच्छेदरहित वि. <span class="kMeaningText">तिन्ही कालांच्या पलीकडील म्हणजे सतत , नित्य ( परब्रह्मा ). <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०पाश <span class="kMeaningText">पु मृत्युच्या फास ; मरण . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०पुरुष पु. <span class="kMeaningText">१ यमाचा सेवक ; यम ; यमदुत . २ ब्राह्माणास दान देण्याकरितां केलेलीं लोखंडाची , द्रव्य आंत भरलेली ( पोकळ ) यमाची प्रतिमा . ३ ( ल .) कोणताहि भयंकर पुरुष ; शत्रु ; कूर मनुष्य . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०बेल स्त्री. <span class="kMeaningText">१ भविष्य सांगणें ; शकुन वगैरे सांगणें . २ कालबेला गोसाव्याचें काम . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०बेला <span class="kMeaningText">ल्या - पु . गोसाव्यांचा एक पंथ व त्यांतील व्यक्ति - वि . १ वरील पंथांतील ; जो कालबेल करतो तो . २ कालबेलांसंबंधी . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०महिमा <span class="kMeaningText">माहाम्त्य - पुन . कालचक्र अर्थ १ पहा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०मान न. <span class="kMeaningText">१ वेळमापन . २ वेळामापक यंत्र ; ( इं .) कॉनोमिटर . ३ हंगाम ; रागरंग ; कोणताहि काल ( चांगला वाईट ). ' आंताचें कालमानच वेगळें । ' ( क्रि०फिरविणें ; बदलणें ; उलटणें ; पालटणें ) ४ परिस्थिति . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०मूर्ति पु. <span class="kMeaningText">१ भयंकर क्रूर माणुस . २ यम <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०यातना स्त्री. <span class="kMeaningText">यमयातना ; अत्यंत दारुन क्लेश . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०रात्री स्त्री. <span class="kMeaningText">१ प्रत्येक ७७ व्या वर्षाच्या सातव्या महिन्याची सातवी रात्र . २ काली देवीच्या जन्मदिवस ; कांहींच्या मतें हा दिवस आश्विन शुद्ध अष्टमी व कांहींच्या मतें श्रवण वद्य अष्टमीची रात्र . ३ कल्पाची शेवटची रात्र . ४ ( सामा .) अंधारी , काळीकुट रात्र ; भंयकर रात्र ; मरण येण्याच्या वेळची रात्र . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०वचन <span class="kMeaningText">ना - नस्त्री . १ कालकमण ; वेळ घालविणें . २ मृत्युची फसवणुक ; गुदरलेल्या कठिण काळांत कसा तरी निर्वाह करणें . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०सत्ता स्त्री. <span class="kMeaningText">कालमिह्मा पहा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०साधन न. <span class="kMeaningText">१ वेळ समजण्याचें यंत्र ( घड्याळ ); छायांयंत्र , २ स्नानसंध्यावगैरे कर्मास जो काळ सांगितला आहे त्या वेळीं करावयाचें तें तें अनुष्ठान . ३ वेळांचें घेतलेलें माप . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०सुत्र न. <span class="kMeaningText">नशिबाचा , दैवाचा धागा , रेषा . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०स्वरुप न. <span class="kMeaningText">( मृत्युसम वाटणारा ) कोण . ताहि अतिभयंकर पदार्थ ; मृत्युरुपी वस्तु . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०हरण न. <span class="kMeaningText">१ कालक्रमण ; वेळ घालविणें ; २ दिवस मारून नेणें ; त्या दिवसाची साधन सामुग्री मिळविणें ; दिवस काढणें . <span class="kMeaningPrefix">०क्षेप पु. <span class="kMeaningText">१ कालव्यय ; कालक्रमण ; कालहरण , कालातिक्रमण ; आयुष्याचें दिवस कंठणें . २ निर्वाह .

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल मराठी वाक्संप्रदाय - वाक्यप्रचार \| Marathi Marathi \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">कालदेश तारतम्‍य करणें <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">कालदेश पाहून वर्तणें-करणें <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">देशकाल, भोवतालची परिस्‍थिति वगैरे सर्व साधकबाधक गोष्‍टी लक्ष्यांत घेऊन वागणें. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">काल पेरलें, आज उगलें अन्‌ उद्यां उमाप फोफावलें, असे कधी झालें आहे? <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">काही गोष्‍टींना योग्‍यवेळ हा द्यावाच लागतो. झटपट वाढ, निकाल होत नसतो. तेव्हां दम धरणें हे शहाणपणाचें आहे. तु०-rome was not built in a day.

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल नेपाली (Nepali) WN \| Nepali Nepali \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">see : मृत्यु, युग, समय

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल A Sanskrit English Dictionary \| Sanskrit English \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल mfn. <span class="kMeaningText">1.mf(ई[Pāṇ. 4-1, 42] )n. (fr. √ 3.~~कल्~~?), black, of a dark colour, dark-blue, [MBh.] ; [R.] &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल m. <span class="kMeaningText">m. a black or dark-blue colour, [L.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the black part of the eye, [Suśr.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the indian cuckoo, [L.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">कालसर्प <span class="kMeaningText">the poisonous serpent Coluberनाग (= ), [Vet.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the plant cassia Sophora">cassia Sophora, [L.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a red kind of plumbago, [L.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the resin of the plant Shorea robusta, [L.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the planet saturn <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">also title or epithet).">N. of शिव <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of रुद्र, iii, 12, 12">---10--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of a son of ह्रद, ---11--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of the prince काल-यवन, iii, 3, 10">---12--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of a brother of king प्रसेन-जित्, ---13--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of a future बुद्ध <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of an author of मन्त्रs (= अश्व-घोष), ---14--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of a नाग-राज, ---15--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of a रक्षस्, vi, 69, 12">---16--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of an enemy of शिव, ---17--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of a mountain, iv, 44, 21">---18--- ; ---19--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">of one of the nine treasures, ---20--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">म् <span class="kMeaningText">a mystical also title or epithet).">N. of the letter <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल n. <span class="kMeaningText">n. a black kind of Agallochum, ---21--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">कक्कोलक <span class="kMeaningText">a kind of perfume (), ---22--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">iron, ---23--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल f. <span class="kMeaningText">2.m. (√ 3.~~कल्~~, ‘to calculate or enumerate’), [ifc. f(आ). , ---24--- ], a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time (in general), xix, 53 & 54">---25--- ; ---26--- &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">यद् <span class="kMeaningText">the proper time or season for (gen.dat.loc., in comp., inf., or pot. with e.g.~~कालः प्रस्थानस्य~~ or ~~°नाय~~ or ~~°ने~~, time for departure; ~~क्रिया-काल~~, time for action, ---27--- ; ~~ना-यं कालो विलम्बितुम्~~, this is not the time to delay, ---28--- ; ~~कालो यद् भुञ्जीत भवान्~~, it is time for you to eat, [Pāṇ. 3-3, 168] ; ---30--- ), [ŚBr.] ; ---32--- &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">occasion, circumstance, xii, 2950">[MBh. xii, 2950] ; [Mṛcch.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">season, [R.] &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">उभौ कालौ <span class="kMeaningText">meal-time (twice a day, hence , ‘in the morning and in the evening’ [MBh. i, 4623] ; ~~षष्ठे काले~~, ‘in the evening of the third day’ [MBh.] ; ~~षष्ठा-न्न-काल~~, ‘one who eats only at the sixth meal-time, i.e. who passes five meals without eating and has no meal till the evening of the third day’ xi, 200">[Mn. xi, 200] ; or without ~~अन्न~~e.g.~~चतुर्थ-कालम्~~, ‘at the fourth meal-time i.e. at the evening of the second day’ xi, 109">[Mn. xi, 109] ) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">षष्ठे काले ऽह्नः <span class="kMeaningText">hour (hence , ‘at the sixth hour of the day, i.e. at noon’ [Vikr.] ) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">युग <span class="kMeaningText">a period of time, time of the world (= ), ---41--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">measure of time, prosody, ---42--- ; [Pāṇ.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a section, part, ---44--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the end, ---45--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">death by age, [Suśr.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">time (as leading to events, the causes of which are imperceptible to the mind of man), destiny, fate, [MBh.] ; [R.] &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">कालम्-√ इ <span class="kMeaningText">time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of यम, regent of the dead, or even identified with him: hence or ~~कालं-√ कृ~~, ‘to die’ [MBh.] &c.; ~~काल~~ in this sense is frequently connected with ~~अन्तक~~, ~~मृत्यु~~e.g.~~अभ्य्-अधावत प्रजाः काल इवा-न्तकः~~, ‘he attacked the people like time the destroyer’ iii, 7, 9">[R. iii, 7, 9] ; cf.~~काला-न्तक~~; ~~काल~~ personified is also a देवर्षि in इन्द्र's court, and a son of ध्रुव, ---51--- ; [Hariv.] ; ---53--- ) ROOTS: कालम् √ इ <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल <span class="kMeaningText">[cf.κήρ; Lat.word is part of Etymology of ">calen-doe: Hib.word is part of Etymology of ">ceal, ‘death and everything terrible.’]

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary \| Sanskrit English \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल [kāla] a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. (-ली f.) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">black, of a dark or dark-blue colour; [Rām.5.17.9.] [Mb.8.49.48.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">Injuring, hurting. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">लः The black or dark-blue colour. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">time (in general); विलम्बितफलैः कालं निनाय स मनोरथैः [R.1.33;] तस्मिन्काले at that time; काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम् [H.1.1] the wise pass their time &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">fit or opportune time (to do a thing), proper time or occasion; (with gen., loc., dat., or inf.); [R.3.12,4.6,12.69;] पर्जन्यः कालवर्षी [Mk.1.6;] काले वर्षतु पर्जन्यः &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A period or portion of time (as the hours or watches of a day); षष्ठे काले दिवसस्य [V.2.1.] [Ms.5.153.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">The weather. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">time considered as one of the nine dravyas by the Vaiśeṣikas. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">The supreme spirit regarded as the destroyer of the universe, being a personification of the destructive principle; कालः काल्या भुवनफलके क्रीडति प्राणिशारैः [Bh.3.39.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">(a) yama, the god of death; कः कालस्य न गोचरान्तरगतः [Pt.1.146.] (b) death, time of death; स हि कालोऽस्य दुर्मतेः ---10--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">fate, destiny. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">The black part of the eye. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">The (indian) cuckoo. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">The planet saturn. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of Śiva; N. of rudra; उग्ररेता भवः कालो वामदेवो धृतव्रतः ---11--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A measure of time (in music or prosody). <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A person who distils and sells spirituous liquor. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A section, or part. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A red kind of plumbago. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">resin, pitch. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of an enemy of Śiva. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">(with the Jainas) one of the nine treasures. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A mystical name for the letter म्. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of the one of four contentments mentioned in साङ्ख्यकारिका; प्रकृत्युपादानकालभागाख्याः Śāṅ. ---12--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">(र्यम्) a yellow fragrant wood (पीतचन्दन). <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">sissoo wood. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अन्तकः <span class="kMeaningText">time, regarded as the god of death, and the destroyer of every thing. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">अन्तरम् an interval. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a period of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">another time or opportunity. ˚आवृत a. hidden or concealed in the womb of time. ˚क्षम a. able to bear delay; अकालक्षमा देव्याः शरीरावस्था ---13--- ---14--- ˚प्रेक्षिन् ---15--- ˚विषः an animal venomous only when enraged, as a rat.-अभ्रः a dark, watery cloud. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अयनम् <span class="kMeaningText">see कालचक्र ---16--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अवधिः <span class="kMeaningText">appointed time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अवबोधः <span class="kMeaningText">knowledge of time and circumstances; ---17--- -अशुद्धिः f. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अशौचम् <span class="kMeaningText">period of mourning, ceremonial impurity caused by the birth of a child or death of a relation in the family; see अशौच. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">अष्टकम् first to eighth days of the dark half of the month आषाढ (festival period of कालभैरव) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a stotra of कालभैरव by Śhaṅkarāchārya. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-आकृष्ट <span class="kMeaningText">a. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">led to death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">produced or brought by time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-आत्मक a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. depending on time or destiny. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-आत्मन् m. <span class="kMeaningText">m. the supreme spirit. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-आदिकः <span class="kMeaningText">The month चैत्र. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">आम्रः a mango-kind; कालाम्ररसपीतास्ते नित्यं संस्थित- यौवनाः ---18--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of a Dvīpa; ---19--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-आयसम् <span class="kMeaningText">iron. -a. made of iron; ततः कालायसं शूलं कण्टकैर्बहुभिश्च तम् ---20--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-उप्त a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. sown in due season. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कञ्जम् <span class="kMeaningText">a blue lotus. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कटम्, -कटः <span class="kMeaningText">an epithet of Śiva; ---21--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">कण्ठः a peacock. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a sparrow. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a wagtail. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a gallinule. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">an epithet of Śiva; कालिन्दीकालकण्ठः कलयतु कुशलं कोऽपि कापालिको नः Udb.; ---22--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कण्ठी <span class="kMeaningText">Pārvatī, the wife of कालकण्ठ i. e. शिव. नृत्यन्तीमिव रजनी नटीं प्रतीमो गानश्री- र्विलसति नाथ कालकण्ठी ---23--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कण़्डकः <span class="kMeaningText">a water-snake. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-करणम् <span class="kMeaningText">appointing or fixing time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कर्णिका, -कर्णी <span class="kMeaningText">misfortune. -कर्मन्n. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">destruction; त्रैलोक्यं तु करिष्यामि संयुक्तं काल- कर्मणा ---24--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कलायः <span class="kMeaningText">dark pulse. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कल्प <span class="kMeaningText">a fatal, deadly. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कल्लकः <span class="kMeaningText">A water-snake. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कालः <span class="kMeaningText">supreme being. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कीलः <span class="kMeaningText">noise. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कुण्ठः <span class="kMeaningText">yama. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कुष्ठः <span class="kMeaningText">a myrrh.-कूटः, <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-टम् <span class="kMeaningText">(a) a deadly poison; अहो बकी यं स्तनकाल- कूटं अपाययत् ---25--- ---26--- (b) the poison churned out of the ocean and drunk by Śiva; अद्यापि नोज्झति हरः किल कालकूटम् ---27--- कालकूटस्य जननीं तां स्तुवे वामलोचनाम् ---28--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कूटकः <span class="kMeaningText">a poison; [Mb.1.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-कृत् m. <span class="kMeaningText">m. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the sun. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a peacock. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">supreme spirit. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">कृत produced by time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">fixed, appointed. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">lent or deposited, <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">done for a long time. (-तः) the sun. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-क्रमः <span class="kMeaningText">lapse of time, course of time; कालक्रमेण in course or process of time; ---30--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">क्रिया fixing a time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">ला N. of several plants. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of a daughter of Dakṣa. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">An epithet of Durgā. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">क्षेपः delay, loss of time; कालक्षेप ककुभसुरभौ पर्वते पर्वते ते (उत्पश्यामि) [Me.22;] मरणे कालक्षेपं मा कुरु ---32--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">passing the time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-खञ्जम्, -खञ्जनम् -खण्डम् <span class="kMeaningText">the liver; स्वादुकारं कालखण्डोपदंशम् [Śi.18.77.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-गङ्गा <span class="kMeaningText">the river Yamunā. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-ग्रन्थिः <span class="kMeaningText">a year. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-घातिन् a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. killing by degrees or slowly (as a poison). <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">चक्रम् the wheel of time (time being represented as a wheel always moving). <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a cycle. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">(hence fig.) the wheel of fortune, the vicissitudes of life. (-क्रः) an epithet of the sun.-चिह्नम् a symptom of approaching death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-चोदित a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. summoned by the angel of death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-जोषकः <span class="kMeaningText">one who is satisfied with sparse food at the proper time. -ज्येष्ठःa. senior in years, grown up; [U.5.12.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-ज्ञ a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. knowing the proper time or occasion (of any action); अत्यारूढो हि नारीणामकालज्ञो मनोभवः [R.12.33;] [Śi.2.83.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">(ज्ञः) an astrologer. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a cock. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-ज्ञानिन् m. <span class="kMeaningText">m. an epithet of Śiva. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-तिन्दुकः <span class="kMeaningText">a kind of ebony. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-त्रयम् <span class="kMeaningText">the three times; the past, the present, and the future; ˚दर्शी [K.46.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-दण्डः <span class="kMeaningText">death; श्रेयस्त्रैविक्रमस्ते वितरतु विबुधद्वेषिणां कालदण्डः [Dk.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-दमनी <span class="kMeaningText">an epithet of Durgā. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-दष्ट a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. doomed to death; कालदष्टं नृपं ज्ञात्वा [Bm.1.18.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the line of conduct suitable to any particular time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the law or rule of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">effects proper to the time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">fated time, death; कालधर्मं गते सगरे [Rām.1.42.1.] न पुनर्जीवितः कश्चित्कालधर्ममुपागतः mb.; परीताः काल- धर्मणा &c. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-धारणा <span class="kMeaningText">prolongation of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-नरः <span class="kMeaningText">(in astrology) the figure of a man's body. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-नाथः; -निधिः <span class="kMeaningText">Śiva.-नियोगः decree of fate or destiny; लङ्घ्यते न खलु काल- नियोगः ---41--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-निरूपणम् <span class="kMeaningText">determination of time, chronology. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-निर्यासः <span class="kMeaningText">bdellium (mar. गुग्गुळ). <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">नेमिः the rim of the wheel of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of a demon, uncle of Rāvaṇa, deputed by him to kill Hanūmat. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of a demon with 1 hands killed by Viṣṇu. ˚अरिः, रिपुः, हरः, हन् m. epithets of Kṛiṣṇa. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-पक्व a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. ripened by time; i. e. spontaneously; ---42--- [Y.3.49.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-परिवासः <span class="kMeaningText">standing for a time so as to become stale. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-पर्णः <span class="kMeaningText">the flower plant (mar. नगर).-पर्ययः a delay (कालातिक्रम); वक्तुमर्हसि सुग्रीवं व्यतीतं कालपर्यये ---44--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-पर्यायः <span class="kMeaningText">the revolution or course of time; मन्ये लोकविनाशोऽयं कालपर्यायनोदितः ---45--- -पाशः the noose of yama or death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-पाशिकः <span class="kMeaningText">a hangman. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-पु (पू) रुषः <span class="kMeaningText">an attendant of yama. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">पृष्ठम् a species of antelope. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a heron. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">(कम्) N. of the bow of Karṇa; [Ve.4.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a bow in general.-प्रभातम् autumn or Śarad; (the two months following the rainy season considered as the best time).-बन्धन a. being under control of death (काल); प्रत्यक्षं मन्यसे कालं मर्त्यः सन् कालबन्धनः [Mb.3.35.2.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-भक्षः <span class="kMeaningText">an epithet of Śiva. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-भृत् m. <span class="kMeaningText">m. the sun. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-मल्लिका, -मान (लः) <span class="kMeaningText">the plant ocimum (mar. तुळस). <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-मालम् <span class="kMeaningText">a measure of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-मुखः <span class="kMeaningText">a species of ape; [Mb.3.292.12.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-मेषी, <span class="kMeaningText">-मेशिका, <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">-मेषिका f. the Manjiṣṭha plant. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-यवनः <span class="kMeaningText">a kind of yavanas and enemy of Kṛiṣṇa and an invincible foe of the Yādavas. Kṛiṣṇa, finding it impossible to vanquish him on the field of battle, cunningly decoyed him to the cave where Muchakunda was sleeping who burnt him down. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-यापः, -यापनम् <span class="kMeaningText">procrastination, delay, putting off. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-योगः <span class="kMeaningText">fate, destiny. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-योगतः <span class="kMeaningText">according to the requirements of the time; [Pt.1.184.] -योगिन्m. an epithet of Śiva. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-रात्रिः, -रात्री f. <span class="kMeaningText">f. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a dark night. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a sister of yama. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the Amāvasyā on which lamps are lighted (in the Divali holidays). <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the night of destruction at the end of the world (identified with Durgā); कालरात्रीति तां (सीतां) विद्धि सर्वलङ्का- विनाशिनीम् [Rām.5.51.34.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a particular night in the life of man, on the 7th day of the 7th month of the 77th year. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-रुद्रः <span class="kMeaningText">rudra regarded as the fire that is to destroy the world. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-लवणम् <span class="kMeaningText">the बिड salt. (mar. संचळखार) <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-लोहक्, -लौहम् <span class="kMeaningText">steel. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-वलनम् <span class="kMeaningText">the armour.-विप्रकर्षः prolongation of time. विषयबाहुल्यं कालविप्रकर्षश्च स्मृतिं प्रमुष्णाति ---51--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-विभक्तिः f. <span class="kMeaningText">f. a section or part of time; [Ms.1.24.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-वृद्धिः f. <span class="kMeaningText">f. periodical interest (payable monthly, quarterly, or at stated times); ---53--- -वृन्तः a kind of pulse (कुलत्थ). <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-वेला <span class="kMeaningText">the time of saturn,i. e. a particular time of the day (half a watch every day) at which any religious act is improper. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-संकर्षा <span class="kMeaningText">a girl nine years old personating Durgā at a festival.-संकर्षिन् a. shortening time (as a mantra); कालसंकर्षिणीं विद्यां दीक्षापूर्वमुपादिशत् ---54--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-संगः a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. delay; जानामि कार्यस्य च कालसंगम् ---55--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">संरोधः keeping back for a long time; ---56--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">lapse of a long period of time; [Ms.8.143.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-सदृश a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. opportune, timely.-समन्वित, <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-समायुक्त a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. dead; [Rām.2.65.16.] -संपन्नa. dated, bearing a date. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-सर्पः <span class="kMeaningText">the black and most poisonous variety of the snake; [Gīt.1.12.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-सारः <span class="kMeaningText">the black antelope. (-रम्) a yellow sort of sandal wood.a. having a black centre or pupil; न कालसारं हरिणं तदक्षिद्वयं प्रभुर्बुद्धुमभून्मनोभूः [N.6.19.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">सूत्रम्, सूत्रकम् thread of time or death. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of a particular hell; [Y.3.222;] [Ms.4.88.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-स्कन्दः <span class="kMeaningText">the Tamāla tree.-स्वरूप a. terrible as death, (deathlike in form).-हरः an epithet of Śiva. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-हरणम् <span class="kMeaningText">loss of time, delay; [Ś.3;] [U.5;] यात्वन्येन (वरेण) विहाय कालहरणं रामो वनं दण्डकाम् [Mv.4.41.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-हानिः f. <span class="kMeaningText">f. delay; मामक्षमं मण्डनकालहानेर्वेत्तीव बिम्बाधरबद्धतृष्णम् [R.13.16.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">ली blackness. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">ink, black ink. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">An epithet of Pārvatī, Śiva's wife. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A row of black clouds. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A woman with a dark complexion. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of Satyavatī, mother of Vyāsa. जनयामास यं काली शक्तेः पुत्रात्पराशरात् [Mb.1.6.2;] ---68--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">night. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">censure, blame. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">one of the seven tongues of fire: काली कराली च मनोजवा च सुलोहिता या च सुधूम्रवर्णा । स्फुलिङ्गिनी विश्वरुची च देवी लेलायमाना इति सप्तजिह्वाः ॥ Muṇḍ.1.2.4. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A form of Durgā कालि कालि महा- कालि सीधुमांसपशुंप्रिये ---69--- कालीतनयः a buffalo. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">one of the Mātṛis or divine mothers. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> N. <span class="kMeaningText">N. of a wife of Bhīma. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A sister of yama. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A kind of learning (महाविद्या) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A small shrub used as a purgative. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A kind of insect. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">लम् iron. क्षुरो भूत्वा हरेत्प्राणान्निशितः कालसाधनः [Mb.1.14.89.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">A kind of perfume. -Comp. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अयसम् <span class="kMeaningText">iron. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अक्षरिकः <span class="kMeaningText">a scholar, one who can read and decipher. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अगरु n. <span class="kMeaningText">n. a kind of sandal tree, black kind of aloe; कालागुरुर्दहनमध्यगतः सम- न्ताल्लोकोत्तरं परिमलं प्रकटीकरोति [Bv.1.7,] [R.4.81.] (-n.) the wood of that tree. शिरांसि कालागुरुधूपितानि [Ṛs.4.5;5.5.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">अग्निः, अनलः the destructive fire at the end of the world. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">an epithet of rudra. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a kind of bead (रुद्राक्ष). <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अङ्ग a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. having a dark-blue body (as a sword with a dark-blue edge) [Mb.4.8.1.;] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अजिनम् <span class="kMeaningText">the hide of a black antelope. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अञ्जनम् <span class="kMeaningText">a sort of collyrium; न चक्षुषोः कान्तिविशेषबुद्ध्या कालाञ्जनं मङ्गलमित्युपात्तम् [Ku.7.2,82.] (-नी) a small shrub used as a purgative (mar. काळी कापशी). <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अण्डजः <span class="kMeaningText">the (indian) cuckoo.-अतिक्रमः, <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-क्रमणम् <span class="kMeaningText">delay, being late; कालातिक्रमणं वृत्तेर्यो न कुर्वति भूपतिः [Pt.1.154.] <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अतिपातः, -अतिरेकः <span class="kMeaningText">loss of time, delay; ---77--- <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अतीत a. <span class="kMeaningText">a. elapsed, passed by. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">अत्ययः delay, lapse of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">loss by lapse of time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">अध्यक्षः 'presiding over time', epithet of the sun. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the supreme soul. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">a bee. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">the Chātaka bird. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">अनुसारकः Tagara tree. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">yellow sandal. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">-अनुसारिः, -अनु- सारिन्, -अनुसारिवा, -अनुसार्यः, -र्यकः <span class="kMeaningText">benzoin or benjamin.

	Rate this meaning Thank you! 👍 काल Shabda-Sagara \| Sanskrit English \| \|
	<span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल <span class="kMeaningText">r. 10th cl. (~~कालयति~~) To count time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix">काल mfn. <span class="kMeaningText"> (~~-लः-ला-लं~~) black, of a dark colour, dark blue especially, which is usually confounded with black. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> m. <span class="kMeaningText"> (~~-लः~~) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">1. time. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">2. A name of yama, regent of the dead. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">3. A black colour. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">4. death. 5. A form of siva. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">6. The planet saturn. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">7. The Koil. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">8. cassia fistula. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">9. resin. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">10. A plant, a red kind of plumbago. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> n. <span class="kMeaningText"> (~~-लं~~) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">1. iron. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">2. A black agallochum: see ~~कालीयक~~. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">3. A vegetable poison, perhaps the fruit of the cocculus Indicus. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> f. <span class="kMeaningText"> (~~-ला~~) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">1. indigo, (Indigofera tinctoria.) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">2. A black sort of Teori. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">3. Calonji, (nigella Indica.) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">4. madder, (Rubia manjith.) (~~-ला~~ or ~~-ली~~) A name of the goddess durga the wife ef siva. (~~-ली~~) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">1. The wife of SANTANU a king. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">2. one of the Matris or divine mothers. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">3. A female deity of the Bauddhas. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">4. A row or succession of clouds. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">5. ink or black- ing. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">6. A worm or animalcule generated in the acetous fermen- tation of milk. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">7. abuse, censure, defamation. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">8. night. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">9. Trum- pet flower, (bignonia suave-olens.) <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">10. one of the seven tongues or flames of fire. <span class="kMeaningPrefix"> <span class="kMeaningText">E. ~~कल्~~ to count or reckon, &c. in the causal form, ~~अच्~~ affix, fem. affix ~~टाप्~~ or ~~ङीष्~~. ROOTS: कल् अच् टाप् ङीष्

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